Fig. 8: Kinematic evolution of the upper crust of the North American lithosphere.

a–f Red arrows represent displacement rates of the upper crust at 35, 30, 24, 18, 12, and 6 Ma, respectively. Blue spots are the location of normal fault offset observations from McQuarrie and Wernicke20 and Bahadori et al.9. The map images were created by authors using: www.soest.hawaii.edu/gmt/ and www.paraview.org/.