Fig. 2: Characterization and photophysical properties of organic phosphorescent nanoscintillators in aqueous solution.
From: Organic phosphorescent nanoscintillator for low-dose X-ray-induced photodynamic therapy

a TEM image of the prepared nanoparticles (scale bar: 500 nm). b Size distribution of nanoparticles obtained by TEM. c Steady-state photoluminescence (PL, dashed line) and time-gated phosphorescence (Phos., solid line) spectra of the nanoparticles in solution, respectively (top). And the radioluminescence (RL) spectrum of the nanoparticles in solid state (bottom). d Time-resolved decay profile of emission wavelength at 530 nm of the nanoparticles under excitation at 340 nm. e Absorption spectra of the aqueous ITC suspension in the presence of anthracene-9,10-diyl-bismethylmalonate (ADMA) under different X-ray irradiation doses (X-ray dose rate: 2.8 mGy/s, time interval: 72 seconds). f Dose dependence of the absorbance variation (monitored at 379 nm) of the mixture of ITC (or anthracene) suspension and ADMA in water.