Fig. 1: KL treatment rapidly activates a subset of differentiation-upregulated genes with high Pol II enrichment.

a Heatmaps showing the comparison of RNA-seq and Pol II ChIP-seq data of 6504 genes differentially expressed in undifferentiated (UD) and differentiated (DF) keratinocytes. K-means clustering was applied to Pol II ChIP-seq data corresponding to upregulated genes to create clusters I and II. Cluster III consists of all genes downregulated in keratinocyte differentiation. b–g Average profile plots of Pol II ChIP-seq data and representative examples for all three clusters. h, i Violin plots comparing Pol II ChIP-seq enrichment in the promoters of genes in cluster I, cluster II and cluster III, in undifferentiated (UD) and differentiated (DF) keratinocytes (****P < 0.0001, two-tailed, unpaired t test) j Violin plot comparing total Pol II enrichment in UD gene bodies to DF gene body enrichment (****P < 0.0001, two-tailed, unpaired t test). k RNA-seq heatmap showing the relative expression of the 199 genes differentially expressed (fold change ≥2, P < 0.05, two-tailed, Wald test) with 3 hours of KL1 or KL2 treatment. l Bar graph showing the top Gene Ontology (GO) terms of the upregulated and downregulated genes in keratinocytes treated with KL or DMSO for 3 hours (two-tailed, Fisher’s exact test). m Percent of genes in clusters I, II, and III (a) that are differentially expressed with 3-hour KL treatment. n, o Average profile plots comparing Pol II ChIP-seq enrichment in the upregulated or downregulated genes after 3 hours of KL treatment. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.