Fig. 1: Toluene hydrogenation performance of catalysts under different conditions.
From: CO-tolerant RuNi/TiO2 catalyst for the storage and purification of crude hydrogen
a The metal-normalized toluene conversion rates at 170 °C over different catalysts using either pure hydrogen or 0.1%CO/H2 (CO:Ar:H2 = 0.1:0.1:99.8, v/v, GHSV (gas hourly space velocity) = 36,000 mL/gcat/h) as carrier gases. The conversion rates of toluene were measured in kinetic region (i.e., toluene conversion <15%). b MCH yields of different catalysts in 0.1% CO/H2 carrier gas. c CO conversion of different catalysts in 0.1% CO/H2 carrier gas with toluene. d MCH yields of different catalysts in pure hydrogen carrier gas. The measurements for (b)–(d) were performed in the conditions: GHSV of the carrier gas = 36,000 mL/gcat/h and WHSV (weight hourly space velocity) of toluene = 2.1 h−1. e MCH yields and CO conversion of 2Ru5Ni/TiO2 at 180 °C in hydrogen carrier gas with various CO concentrations (0–1%). f Stability test of 2Ru5Ni/TiO2 at 180 °C using 0.5%CO/H2 as carrier gas. Reaction conditions for (e) and (f): GHSV of the carrier gas = 12,000 mL/gcat/h and WHSV of toluene = 1.4 h−1. Error bars for the activity in (a) and (e) represent the standard deviation from at least three independent measurements.
