Fig. 2: Microstructural and morphology characterization.
From: Pyro-catalysis for tooth whitening via oral temperature fluctuation
a X-ray diffraction pattern of the BTO nanowires. b Room-temperature Raman spectra of the hydrothermal BTO nanowires. c Scanning electron microscope image of BTO nanowires, d Transmission electron microscope, e high-resolution transmission electron microscope images and f selected area electron diffraction patterns of the BTO nanowires, and g–i corresponding EDX element mapping of Ba (red), Ti (blue), and O (yellow) in BTO nanowires. PFM results of BTO nanowires k topography image; l vertical amplitude image; m vertical phase image and n piezoelectric hysteresis loop. Scale bar: c is 10 μm, d is 1 μm, e is 5 nm, f is 5 1/nm, g, h, i and j are 1 μm, k, l and m are 500 nm. The experiments in c–n were repeated independently for three times with similar results. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
