Fig. 5: Insights from trans-eQTL analysis.

a Scatter plot showing the trans-eQTL effect sizes (z-score) in our analysis (x-axis) and in eQTLgen (y-axis) for the 37 variant-genes identified as trans-eQTL both in two analyses. The color represents the nominal p value in our analysis. b Percentage of variants presenting trans-eQTL effect in eQTLgen (FDR < 0.05), for variants in our dataset with different conditions (x-axis). c Enrichment of variants presenting trans-eQTL effect in eQTLgen (circle) or assessed in eQTLgen (diamond) relative to all the variants in our dataset, for variants with different maximum cis-eQTL PIP (x-axis). d, e Association p value (top), cis-eQTL PIP (second row) and the location of the genes (third row) for ±1 Mb (d) or 0.5 Mb (e) of the variant with possible trans-eQTL effects mediated by cis-eQTL effects, with schematic overview of the trans-eQTL mechanisms. Blue dotted line represents the decrease of the effect (arrow; positive, non-arrow; negative).