Fig. 6: Many SHDRs were sourced from standing variation and putative adaptive introgression from highland-specialist species.
From: Repeated genetic adaptation to altitude in two tropical butterflies
A Tree used to estimate FdM values per 50kb window across the genome in each comparison, which when positive represents excess allele sharing between P2, a highland H. erato or H. melpomene population, and P3, an allopatric highland population of the same species or a sympatric high-altitude specialist species, compared to a lowland population (P2). Colours of P3 populations or species indicate the potential mechanism driving the excess allele sharing, either intraspecific shared ancestral standing variation (blue) or adaptive introgression from closely (orange) or distantly related (yellow) high-altitude specialist species. B Putative donor (P3) high-altitude specialist species. C Excess allele sharing at SHDRs between P3 (putative highland donors, left y axes) and P2 (putative highland recipients, right y axes) across the H. erato (top) or H. melpomene (bottom) comparisons (phylogeny from Kozak et al.)1,38. Left panel shows mean maximum FdM ( ± S.E.) across SHDRs (western SHDRs if the putative recipient was on the West of the Andes, and vice versa) of the Colombian (solid triangles) and Ecuadorian (unfilled triangles) transects. Background mean maximum FdM values were obtained from 1000 block permutations across the genome and shown in grey. Stars represent comparisons where distribution of maximum FdM (excess allele sharing with the highlands) was significantly higher than absolute minimum FdM (excess allele sharing with the lowlands) distribution across all SHDRs (two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests P < 0.05; significant P-values from top to bottom: 0.00046, 1.6 e−5, 2.0 e−7, 0.00031, 0.007, 2.0−10, 2.6 e−8; Supplementary Figs. 15, 16). Right panels show percentage of SHDRs with evidence of excess allele sharing between P2 and P3, considered significant if they had outlier maximum FdM (> 90th percentile of absolute minimum FdM across all SHDRs). Abbreviations not depicted: era H. erato, mel H. melpomene. Source data are provided in the Source Data file.
