Fig. 4: Electron ptychographic reconstruction of Hf-MOLs using a high frame rate direct electron detector.

a Experimental setup for electron ptychography. b Ptychographic reconstruction of MOLs from 4D-STEM data. c Intensity of Fourier transform of the reconstructed phase image of Hf-MOLs, in which the dashed white circle represents information transfer to 1/2.36 Å−1. d Ptychographic reconstructed phase image of the surface/interface of the MOLs. The white dash line shows the nanoscale surface ligand layer. e 2D class average of 70 unit cells of the reconstructed phase image. The image shows Hf-clusters and BTB ligands. f Ptychographic reconstruction of a simulated dataset of Hf-MOLs with four layers. Scaler bars: b, d 5 nm; e, f 1 nm.