Fig. 4: Mechanisms of mutations in evolution experiments of Klebsiella.

A. Type of mutations observed in the capsule operon of 73 independent non-capsulated clones descending from capsulated ancestors after 20 generations (end-point) in the short evolution experiment in well-mixed environments. The number on top of the bars indicates how many clones per category. Mnp multiple nucleotide polymorphisms, complex combination of two mechanisms. bp base pair. B Type of mutations observed in the 164 clones of the long evolution experiment after ~675 generations (end-point). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.