Fig. 2: Bending behavior of STO membranes.
From: Enhanced polarization and abnormal flexural deformation in bent freestanding perovskite oxides
a–c STEM-HAADF images (left) of bent STO taken from the different bent regions with a strain gradient εxx,z of 4.2 × 106 m−1, 9.7 × 106 m−1, and 1.5 × 107 m−1, respectively. Middle STEM-iDPC images taken from yellow trapezoid regions show the position of Sr, Ti, and O atomic columns. The variation of lattice and oxygen octahedral from the internal (IS) to external surfaces (ES) can be conjected as shown in the right schematics. Scale bar: 2 nm. d–f Corresponding mapping results of in-plane and out-of-plane strain distributions in bent regions marked by yellow trapezoids in (a–c), respectively.
