Fig. 1: Spatial patterns of precipitation sensitivity (θprec).

Mean (a) and trend (b) of precipitation sensitivity during 1981–2015 obtained from a multivariate dynamic linear model (DLM). The inset in b shows the probability density of the precipitation sensitivity for dryland (red) and non-dryland (blue). The response of the (c) mean and (d) trend of precipitation sensitivity along the aridity index, where red indicates results from univariate model that only considers precipitation, and blue indicates results from the multivariate DLM. Shades indicate the 95% confidence interval calculated in each aridity bin through bootstrapping (n = 5000).