Fig. 4: Predicted responses of vegetation sensitivity by the minimalistic hydrological model.

a predicted responses along the aridity index. Different line colors represent different soil types, with thicker lines indicating the estimates based on global land mean values for rooting depth and rainfall depth. Thin lines indicate estimates using other possible value combinations (Supplementary Table 3). b predicted changes of sensitivity due to elevated atmospheric CO₂. Three types of CO₂ effect are considered, with each line represents a stepwise combination of them (see Methods). The solid lines with shaded areas indicate the ensemble mean and standard deviation of all soil and climate combinations. The results are obtained assuming all vegetation are C3.