Fig. 5: Weighted response ratio of variables to warming in different biomes.

a–d Weighted response ratio (RR++) of plant total biomass (TB). e–h RR++ of aboveground biomass (AGB). i–l RR++ of belowground biomass (BGB). m–p RR++ of root:shoot ratio (R/S). AMF (a, e, i, m), EMF (b, f, j, n), and AM-EMF (c, g, k, o) indicate biomes with dominant root symbiosis of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF), mixed AMF and EMF (AM-EMF), respectively (Supplementary Data 1). The numbers inside plots indicate sample sizes. Only the subgroups with a sample size >5 were included. The error bars indicated 95% confidence intervals (CI). When the sample size was larger than 20, the 95% CI was calculated as RR++ ± 1.96[S(RR++)], whereas when the sample size was lower than 20, we obtained 95% CI using the bootstrapping method. If 95% CI of effect sizes did not overlap with zero, the warming effect was considered to be statistically significant, and the symbol * with the blue and red color indicated statistical significance of increase and decrease, respectively, of variables in warmed conditions compared to control conditions (p-value < 0.05).