Fig. 3: Effects of methylphenidate and sulpiride (relative to placebo) on stimulus specificity of BOLD signal in the fusiform face area (FFA) and parahippocampal place area (PPA) during unexpected outcomes.

Effect of methylphenidate (a; N = 85 participants) and sulpiride (b; N = 82) on stimulus-specific reversal-related signal in FFA/PPA as a function of low and high caudate nucleus kicer (median split for visualization; methylphenidate versus placebo × expectancy × caudate nucleus kicer in repeated-measures ANOVA: F(1,83) = 7.09, P = 0.009; sulpiride versus placebo × expectancy × caudate nucleus kicer: F(1,80) = 5.10, P = 0.027). Boxplots and round dots next to distribution kernels are defined as in Fig. 1c. Source data are provided with this paper. c Individually defined ROIs for the FFA (red) and PPA (blue).