Fig. 4: Coarse-grained bound for the CMOS memory.

Illustration of the bound to I(x_t) from Eq. (18) in terms of the entropy production rate \(\dot{\pi }\) for the cyan and orange trajectories in Fig. 1, starting respectively at x₀ = 0.2 and x₀ = 2.6 (V_dd = 1.4).