Fig. 2: Vertical growth and lateral extension of Li metal under an increasing stack pressure imposed by a slender W current collector. | Nature Communications

Fig. 2: Vertical growth and lateral extension of Li metal under an increasing stack pressure imposed by a slender W current collector.

From: Visualizing the failure of solid electrolyte under GPa-level interface stress induced by lithium eruption

Fig. 2

a Vertical elongation of a Li whisker by root growth leading to increase in stack pressure from the bending W tip. b Lateral swelling (81.6 s) of the Li whisker under a strong compressive stress and the following lateral expansion of Li, which enlarges the Li|LLZO interface. c Bright field and dark-field (DF) images of the deposited Li at the final stage of lateral expansion; the DF image is obtained by choosing the diffraction spot of Li \(\left(\bar{1}12\right)\) in the SAED pattern, indicating the single-crystal nature of the deposited Li. d Schematic of three suggested pathways for Li0 atoms diffusion during lateral growth in b. e Change in volume of the Li metal during plating. Scale bars: a, b 500 nm; c bright image, 500 nm; SAED image, 2 nm−1.

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