Fig. 3: Crack initiation and Li penetration in LLZO by Li eruption at the constrained Cu|LLZO interface. | Nature Communications

Fig. 3: Crack initiation and Li penetration in LLZO by Li eruption at the constrained Cu|LLZO interface.

From: Visualizing the failure of solid electrolyte under GPa-level interface stress induced by lithium eruption

Fig. 3

a–c Li eruption at the interface to crack a single LLZO particle. d The crack was further opened and filled by Li. e DF and the corresponding SAED (inset) of the filled Li. f Schematic illustration of crack opening and Li filling in LLZO. g The measured I-t curve. The inset is the enlarged profile of the current peak. h The deposition volume change upon Li eruption. i–j Li eruption to pierce and short-circuit a LLZO particle in tight contact with the neighboring ones. k Schematic illustration of LLZO splitting and Li penetration. l The measured I-t current curve and the enlarged profile at the sharp current jump that indicates a short circuit. m–o Surface peeling of LLZO upon Li eruption. p The recorded I-t curve and the change of Li deposition volume. q Schematic of LLZO surface peeling by the lateral crack propagation in the subsurface of LLZO, leaving behind a dent on the surface.

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