Fig. 1: Chemical structures and partial biosynthesis steps of TAs. | Nature Communications

Fig. 1: Chemical structures and partial biosynthesis steps of TAs.

From: Catalytic innovation underlies independent recruitment of polyketide synthases in cocaine and hyoscyamine biosynthesis

Fig. 1

a Structural similarity among hyoscyamine, scopolamine and cocaine. b The enzymes of different families used for ketone reduction and subsequent esterification of tropane skeletons in Solanaceae and Erythroxylaceae. TRI tropinone reductase I, LS littorine synthase, MecgoR methylecgonone reductase, CS cocaine synthase, SDR short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase, SCPL-AT serine carboxypeptidase-like acyltransferase, AKR aldo-keto reductase, BAHD benzylalcohol O-acetyl transferase, anthocyanin O-hydroxycinnamoyl transferase, anthranilate N-hydroxycinnamoyl/benzoyl transferase, and diacetyl vindoline 4-O-acetyltransferase.

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