Fig. 2: Rapid uptake of interfacial fluids and adhesion on bio-fouled surfaces.
From: Liquid-infused microstructured bioadhesives halt non-compressible hemorrhage
a Fluid absorption kinetics; b Adhesion formation kinetics. c Effective diffusivity of NB and LIMB. d Digital photos and red-signal distribution showing LIMBs with different surface pore size after absorbing whole blood (inset photos). e SEM images showing LIMB before and after absorbing whole blood. f Adhesion energy on blood-exposure surfaces as a function of the surface pore size. g Clotting kinetics of whole blood placed on LIMB and NB. The lower the index value, the higher the degree of blood clotting. h Schematics showing different wetting scenarios of liver surface and inside. i Adhesion energy of NB and LIMB on dry liver surface (capsule) and wet liver inside (parenchyma) without applying pressure. j Adhesion energy on blood-exposed liver surfaces without applying pressure. Values in a, b, f, g, i, j represent the mean ± s.d. (n = 3 for a, b; n = 4 for f, i, j; n = 6 for NB and 4 for LIMB in g; The experiment was repeated four times independently with similar results for e). Statistical significance and P values were determined by two-sided t-test.
