Fig. 1: Atomic-resolution STEM images of Σ13(\(10\bar{1}4\))/[\(11\bar{2}0\)] GB in α-Al2O3 viewed along the [\(11\bar{2}0\)] axis.
From: Grain boundary structural transformation induced by co-segregation of aliovalent dopants

ADF- and ABF-STEM images of a, b pristine GB and c, d Ca/Si co-doped GB, respectively. e Atomic-resolution STEM-EDS elemental maps of Ca-K (green), Si-K (red), Al-K (cyan) edges, and their overlay, respectively. The green, red, and white arrowheads correspond to the positions of Ca, Si, and weakly observed Si, respectively. The scale bar in a is 5 Å, which applies to all the images.