Fig. 2: NFC-enabled dynamically programmable and selective operations for both bilateral and unilateral bi-channel devices.

a Waveforms associated with the single mode and out of phase dual mode of operation. b Illustration of independent channel operation of a single µ-ILED or µ-pump or dual µ-ILEDs or µ-pumps in a bilateral optofluidic device. c, d Photographs that demonstrate bilateral optofluidic devices operated in single mode and dual mode for both optical stimulation (4 Hz, 50% duty cycle) and fluidic delivery (4 Hz, 10% duty cycle). Scale bar: 0.5 cm. e Illustration of combined operation of two µ-ILEDs with different wavelengths for different opsins stimulation at a single location. f Photograph that demonstrates unilateral bi-channel optofluidic devices with single/dual two-wavelength optical stimulation (4 Hz, 100% duty cycle).Scale bar: 0.5 cm. g Illustration of combined operation of two individual µ-pumps for various compounds infusions at a single location. h Photograph that demonstrates a unilateral bi-channel optofluidic with single/dual modes of liquid infusion in hydrogel phantom brain tissue (4 Hz, 100% duty cycle). Scale bar: 0.5 cm. i Illustration of combined operation of an µ-ILED and µ-pump for photoswitching and photolysis studies. j Photographs of fluorophore infusion through μ-pump actuation (left, 4 Hz, 50% duty cycle) and green fluorescent emission of the fluorophore after stimulation by blue μ-ILEDs (right, 4 Hz, 10% duty cycle). Scale bar: 0.5 cm. k Illustration of interbrain operation for individual control of each animal for optogenetics or pharmacology within a group of animals. l Photos of individual control over multiple devices in the field for interaction studies. Mouse 1 (red indicator) and mouse 2 (orange indicator) are activated in the left photo, while mouse 1 and mouse 3 (blue indicator) are activated in the right photo. Scale bar: 5 cm.