Fig. 3: Operando electrochemical spectroscopy measurements.

a Three-dimensional operando SR-FTIR spectra in the range of 1500–3500 cm⁻¹. b Infrared signal in the range of 1500–3750 cm⁻¹ under various potentials for B-FeNi-DASC during the electrocoupling of nitrate and CO₂.