Fig. 3: Applications of the self-powered chemoelectric humidity (CEH) sensors in respiratory monitoring, telemedicine, sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) diagnosing, and treatment.

a Signals of breathing at different frequencies detected by the CEH sensor. b A typical breathing signal of patients with SAS (Blue: Normal, Red: SAS). c Schematic illustration of the all-in-one respiratory monitoring-diagnosing-treatment system based on the CEH sensors. d Photos of uploading a patient breathing data to remote terminals (phone and computer) with wireless networks in real-time. e Photos of a smart mask integrated with a CEH sensor, buzzer, and a light-emitting diode (LED), which can alert people with SAS with a buzzer and LED. f Photos of a SAS diagnosing-treating system with an integrated CEH sensor that controls the ventilator in time by monitoring the breathing status.