Fig. 4: BUD-ELMs are self-regenerating, processible, and functional materials.

a Storage (G’) and Loss (G”) modulus of original, ∆ELP₆₀ and ∆rsaA_1–250 BUD-ELMs at an angular frequency of 10 rad s⁻¹, showing differences among the three BUD-ELMs. Error bars are centered on the mean value and represent 95% confidence intervals of at least five independent samples. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. b Reseeding process of BUD-ELMs, showing extraction from liquid culture (left), desiccated (middle) and inoculation into fresh medium (right). Scale bars are 1 cm. c Representative example of BUD-ELMs grown from desiccated material after 7 (left), 14 (middle), or 21 (right) days. The percentage of successful BUD-ELM regeneration was 100, 100, and 33.3%, respectively. Percentages are calculated from at least nine samples. Scale bars are 1 cm. d BUD-ELMs collected into a syringe (left) for extrusion using different-sized nozzles (two middle panels), showing their ability to be reshaped. Scale bars are 1 cm. BUD-ELMs are mixed with glass powder to form a firm paste that hardens when dehydrated (right), showing its potential as a cement-like agent. e Graph showing the final Cd²⁺ concentration after a six ppb Cd²⁺ solution was incubated with or without ∆SpyTag BUD-ELMs. It shows that BUD-ELMs are able to bind Cd²⁺ from aqueous solutions. Error bars are centered on the mean value and represent the standard errors of three independent samples. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. f Graph showing the rate of glucose oxidation for BUD-ELMs that were incubated with SpyCatcher-holo-GDH, holo-GDH, or SpyCatcher-apo-GDH. It confirms that BUD-ELMs specifically bind proteins fused with SpyCatcher. Error bars are centered on the mean value and represent the standard errors of three independent samples. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.