Fig. 7: The soluble aggregates extracted from PD and control brains have different sizes as super-resolved with AD-PAINT.

A Histogram of the size distribution for PD (burgundy, N = 54218) and control brain-derived aggregates (beige, N = 48222). Each histogram is the collected data from three cases. B Difference between the histograms for size distribution. C Cumulative frequency distribution for aggregate length for PD and controls. Each histogram is the collected data from three cases (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, p < 0.001 for PD versus controls). D Difference between the cumulative frequencies for the size distribution. E Boxplot comparing aggregate length in PD versus controls. Box limits represent minimum and maximum value, horizontal line in the centre indicating median (Mann–Whitney U test, p < 0.001). F Scatter plot of the mean eccentricity of all aggregates with each point representing the mean value of three patients per group (two-tailed unpaired t-test, p = 0.909, N = 3 for PD and controls). G SR representative images for PD cases showing the corresponding aggregate size and eccentricity. H SR representatives for controls showing the corresponding aggregate size and eccentricity. The LUT Fire has been applied to all images. Scale bar = 500 nm. Source data are provided as a Source Data file. PD = Parkinson’s disease patients vs HC = control patients.