Fig. 2: Benchtop evaluations.

a Stress–strain curve for the SSCL (red line), the bare soft contact lens without the ocular tonometer (blue line), and the ocular tonometer without the soft contact lens (green line). b Resistance response (ΔR/R₀) of the SSCL following 10,000 cycles of stretching at 25% (blue line) and 50% (red line). c Capacitance response (ΔC/C₀) of the SSCL with respect to applied pressure by employing three different dielectric interlayers made of Silbione (red line), Ecoflex (blue line), and PDMS (green line) in the ocular tonometer. d Normalized baseline resonant frequency of the SSCL following 1000 cycles of flipping, rubbing, folding, and stretching. e Five cycles of disinfecting (red line) and cleaning (blue line); f 5 cycles of hydrating (red line) and dehydrating (blue line); g 5 cycles of heating and cooling; and h soaking in a saline solution for 30 days. i Adhesive strength of the PDA layer after multiple cycles of handling, disinfecting, dehydrating, and heating. The error bars represent standard deviations with n = 5 for each group.