Fig. 3: Phenotypic analysis of cer-g.10 and cer-s.31 allele combinations.

a Phenotypic severity of cer-g.10/ cer-g.10 +/+, cer-g.10/ cer-g.10 cer-s.31/+, +/+ cer-s.31/ cer-s.31, cer-g.10/ cer-g.10 cer-s.31/+ and cer-g.10/ cer-g.10 cer-s.31/cer-s.31. Different letters indicate a significant difference (p = 0.05; ¹one-way ANOVAs with square-root transformation and Tukey’s HSD multiple comparison; ²Dunn’s test following a Kruskal-Wallis test; ³one-way ANOVAs and Tukey’s HSD multiple comparison). b Lemma wax deposition (scale bars = 1 mm) and prickle hair cell (blue; scale bars = 100 µm) and silica (pink) -cork (yellow) cell patterning (scale bars = 50 µm) of cer-g.10/ cer-g.10 cer-s.31/+ and cer-g.10/ cer-g.10 cer-s.31/cer-s.31. Non-pavement cells with less defined silica–cork identity are coloured orange. N = 8 plants per genotype. c Stacked bar graphs numbers show frequency of single and clustered (two to four, five to seven and greater than eight) prickle cell hair events in cer-g.10/ cer-g.10 +/+, cer-g.10/ cer-g.10 cer-s.31/+, +/+ cer-s.31/ cer-s.31, cer-g.10/ cer-g.10 cer-s.31/+ and cer-g.10/ cer-g.10 cer-s.31/cer-s.31. N = 8 plants per genotype. d Stacked bar graphs showing frequency of normal silica–cork cell pair and abnormal cell patterning (single cell, cluster of three to five, six to nine and greater than ten non-pavement cells) events in costal (over vasculature) files of cer-g.10/ cer-g.10 +/+, cer-g.10/ cer-g.10 cer-s.31/+, +/+ cer-s.31/ cer-s.31, cer-g.10/ cer-g.10 cer-s.31/+ and cer-g.10/ cer-g.10 cer-s.31/cer-s.31 leaf sheaths. N = 8 plants per genotype. Source data, including p values of statistic tests of a, c and d are provided in the Source data file.