Table 2 Local factors and climate plan characteristics and their effect on cities’ level of engagement with justice in climate action planning

From: US cities increasingly integrate justice into climate planning and create policy tools for climate justice

Variable

Variable Description

Regression Results

Coefficients

Standard Error

Z value

P-value

Odds Ratio

After 2017

Climate plan published after 2017

2.3984

0.7317

3.278

0.0010 **

11.0053

Population

City population > 500,000

1.4528

0.6446

2.254

0.0242 *

4.2749

Median household income (MHI)

MHI > sample mean ($61,532)

3.2287

1.0585

3.050

0.0023 **

25.2472

Poverty

Percentage of persons in poverty, 2019

0.3997

0.1176

3.399

0.0007 ***

1.4914

People of colour

Percentage of population who did not identify as “White alone, not Hispanic or Latino” in the US Census. This includes African American, Native American, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander, Asian, Hispanic or Latino, or two or more races, 2019

−0.0660

0.0245

−2.691

0.0071 **

0.9361

Coastal city

City is geographically located by the coast

2.7406

0.8063

3.399

0.0007 ***

15.4966

Legacy city

City has been classified as a legacy city

−1.5219

0.9222

−1.650

0.0989

0.2183

Engagement

City mentions engaging with local community members for the climate plan

3.6967

1.4454

2.558

0.0105 *

40.3139

Intercept Category 1 | 2

9.143

2.755

3.319

0.0009 ***

9,345.4134

Intercept Category 2 | 3

11.816

2.969

3.980

0.00006 ***

135,464.8602

McFadden Pseudo-R2

 

36.72%

  1. Dependent variable is an ordinal variable that classifies cities’ level of engagement with justice in their climate plans into three categories: Category 1: cities that do not articulate justice as a core feature of their climate plan; Category 2: cities that articulate justice as an aspiration; Category 3: cities that are explicitly planning for justice. Level of significance denoted as follows: *** p-value < 0.001; ** p-value < 0.01; * p-value < 0.05. P-value was calculated through two-sided z-test (Z >|z|, α = 0.05).