Fig. 2: Effects of alternative land-tenure regimes on forest-to-agriculture conversion rates in Brazil.
From: Land tenure drives Brazil’s deforestation rates across socio-environmental contexts
Circles indicate average effects sizes estimated using regression analysis (using matched parcels) at different spatial-temporal scales, compared to two alternative counterfactuals: A undesignated/untitled public lands with poorly defined tenure rights, and B private lands. Labelled effect sizes (larger circles) report effects across Brazil over the time period 1985–2018. Effects to the left of the zero line indicate a decrease in average parcel-level deforestation rate (to the right: increase). Filled circles indicate statistically significant effects (p < 0.05; nonfilled: not significant); upper/lower confidence intervals are plotted to the left/right of each circle centroid. Higher transparency of filled circles indicates high levels of imbalance in the matched dataset (multivariate imbalance measure L1). See Supplementary Figs. 1–2 for detailed presentation of scale-specific results for all tenure regimes. Source data are provided as a Source Data file, where results from time-filtered robustness tests are also found.
