Fig. 1: Phase transitions observed as a jump of the resonant frequency F0 at different helium coverages.
From: Topologically-imposed vacancies and mobile solid 3He on carbon nanotube
a Transitions from the liquid+gas coexistence to a uniform fluid. The jump of F0 is due to redistribution of helium from liquid clusters to uniform. b, c Melting of the rigid 1/3 solid manifested by the reduction of the stiffness of the oscillator. The panel c also illustrates the metering of the jump δF0 at the transition. d, e Melting of the discovered gliding solid phase with no measurable jump of the resonance frequency F0 across the transition. f Transition from gliding to the rigid high-T solid manifested by an abrupt increase of the stiffness of the oscillating tube. The second transition from high-T solid to liquid is seen as a drop of the stiffness, as in b, c. The nearly linear F0(T) dependence below 0.1 K can be extrapolated to the liquid, with no noticeable jump, as in panel e.
