Fig. 2: Overall phase diagram of 3He sub-monolayer on a carbon nanotube.
From: Topologically-imposed vacancies and mobile solid 3He on carbon nanotube
The individual points on the phase diagram were obtained from F0(T) traces illustrated in Fig. 1. Circles: transitions from the phase-separated clustered liquid + gas system to uniform fluid; open squares: transitions from the mixture 1/3 solid plus liquid to uniform fluid; diamonds: transition from the gliding 2/5 solid to fluid below 8.2 nm−2 and to high-T solid at larger coverages; filled squares: transition from the high-T solid to liquid. Different colors represent different mechanical resonances. The solid curve depicts the fit of the van der Waals liquid-gas phase separation curve (see the Methods section for details). The transition occurs at temperature Tc(ρ) where the line \(\rho={{{{{{{\rm{const}}}}}}}}(T)\) crosses the phase separation curve, see the insert on the bottom left. Two other inserts and vertical arrows show the coverages and structures of the 1/3 and 2/5 commensurate solids on grafoil.
