Fig. 5: Modulation of electron flux (Event 1). | Nature Communications

Fig. 5: Modulation of electron flux (Event 1).

From: Direct observations of energy transfer from resonant electrons to whistler-mode waves in magnetosheath of Earth

Fig. 5

a Pitch angle (PA) variation of looking directions of each channel of the electron drift instruments that observe the side anti-parallel to B0 (EDI_180). b–e Electron flux (500 eV) measured by 4 channels of EDI_180. The data points measured within 60° from \(\zeta=90^\circ\) are highlighted with crosses. f Waveform of the magnetic field (Bw) in the field aligned coordinate (FAC). g, h \(\zeta\)-t spectra of normalized differential energy fluxes of electrons (energy bin: 419.7–549.8 eV and PA bin: 135.0°–146.25° or 146.25°–157.5°). Both measurements by Fast Plasma Investigation-Dual Electron Spectrometers and EDI_180 indicate the existence of a dip of electron fluxes at \(\zeta\) around 90° around Vres. When Bw was about 0.5 nT, electrons around 500 eV exhibited nongyrotropy in the PA range of around 135°–160° (also see Fig. 3c), this range is consistent with the width of trapping derived by a rough estimation.

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