Fig. 1: Simulation of skyrmion bubbles.
a Magnetization characteristic at the surfaces and centers of different skyrmion bubbles. b The simulated 300 μm overfocused Lorentz TEM images and the recovered in-plane magnetization map from the simulated Lorentz TEM images (the color denotes the direction of the local induction). The contrast below 5% of the maximum magnitude is masked in the magnetization mapping to filter the artifacts induced by the regularization parameter in the TIE. The scale bar is 50 nm. The polarity and vorticity determine the chirality of the skyrmion bubble as L+ (p+, w+), L− (p−, w−), R+ (p+, w−) or R− (p−, w+).
