Fig. 2: Real-space observation of field-free room temperature skyrmion bubbles after FC manipulation.

a The 300 μm overfocused images (first row) and TIE retrieved phase images (second row) with an x-tilt of 0.4° and a y-tilt of 1.2°, respectively. The scale bar is 500 nm. b The configuration of the in-plane magnetic induction of bubbles #1, #2, and #9 was deduced from the phase images in (a). The contrast below 5% of the maximum value was masked to emphasize the primary features.