Fig. 2: Formation of cell–cell connections between CARMz T and CARP T cells.

a CARMz T and CAR19z T cells with or without an anti-PD-L1 mAb (AZ, 20 μg/ml) against HeLa-GL cells were measured at various E:T ratios. p Values (CAR19z T vs. CARMz T = 7.499E−10, CARMz T + AZ vs. CARMz T = 0.164). b CARMz T and CAR19z T cells with or without an anti-PD-1 mAb (P, 20 μg/ml) against HeLa-GL cells were measured at various E:T ratios. p Values (CAR19z T vs. CARMz T = 5E−14, CARMz T + P vs. CARMz T = 0.084). c CARMz T, CARP T, a mixture of CARMz T and CARP T, a mixture of CARMz T and CARP T treated with anti-PD-L1 mAb (AZ, 20 μg/ml) and control CAR19z T cells against HeLa-GL cells were measured at various E:T ratios. p Values (CAR19z T vs. CARMz T = 3.309E−07, CARMz T + CARP T vs. CARMz T = 0.001, CARMz T + CARP T + AZ vs. CARMz T = 0.939). Data of a–c are presented as mean ± SD (N = 3 independent experiments). p Values of a–c were calculated by two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. d Schematic diagram of the interaction between CARMz T and CARP T cells. Individual CARP T cells (upper left), individual CARMz T cells with PD-L1 expression (upper right), and the mixture of CARMz T and CARP T cells (below). e CARMz T, CARP T and a mixture of CARMz T and CARP T cells were stained for nuclei (blue), cell membrane (red), and PD-L1 (yellow) after incubate with HeLa cells (N = 4 independent experiments and three representative pictures were presented). GFP staining corresponds to CARMz T cells. The white arrow indicates cell-cell contacts between CARP and PD-L1 molecules. ***p < 0.001.