Fig. 4: Thermal simulation.

a Temperature distribution of the structural model of a Au NP (9 nm in radius) suspending over a BaTiO3 cylinder with length of 1 µm and radius of 50 nm at the moment with highest temperature inside Au NP. b Time evolution of the temperature of point (0, 0, 0) and the average temperature of Au NP, region of P-BaTiO3, region of W-BaTiO3, and surrounding water. c Enlarged time evolution of the average temperatures of the regions of P-BaTiO3, W-BaTiO3, and surrounding water. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.