Fig. 6: Activation maps of external predictions highlighting areas of uncertainty.
a Penultimate hidden layer activations were calculated for image tiles in the CPTAC dataset and plotted with UMAP. Corresponding images for tiles were then overlaid in a grid-wise fashion to create the shown mosaic map. Four areas of interest are highlighted for magnified display, each with a total of 36 image tiles: (1) high-confidence adenocarcinoma predictions, (2) high-confidence squamous cell predictions, (3) low-confidence images at the boundary between the high-confidence adenocarcinoma and squamous cell predictions, and (4) low-confidence images far away from the high-confidence class boundary. b Tile-level predictions are shown overlaid on the UMAP, scaled from 0 (adenocarcinoma) to 1 (squamous cell). c Discretized tile-level class predictions. d Tile-level uncertainty. e Tile-level confidence, where high-confidence image tiles are defined as having uncertainty below θtile. f Two pathologists reviewed the 144 images shown in Areas 1–4, and pathologic assessment of these images is summarized in the shown bar chart. All image tiles have a width of 302 μm. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.
