Fig. 1: Preparation and characterization of the Chevrel phase CuMo6S8/Cu electrode.

a, b A schematic showing the preparation process and macro-performance of CuMo6S8/Cu electrode. c–f Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mappings of a cross-section of the electrode. g Cross-sectional high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) image of the CuMo6S8/Cu electrode. h The zoom-in view taken from the red rectangular area in g, showing the interface between the CuMo6S8 layer and Cu substrate. The insets of h are the corresponding fast Fourier transform patterns for CuMo6S8 (top) and Cu (bottom). i X-ray diffraction patterns of the samples before and after annealing. j, k X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra of Mo 3d (j) and S 2p (k) of CuMo6S8.