Fig. 6: Control analyses demonstrate that the full model indeed captures orientation selectivity that cannot be derived from the constrained model.

A Schematic Venn diagram illustrating the control analyses. First, the constrained model was fit. The full model was then fit either to the residual (left) or the output (right) of the constrained model. B Orientation map in visual space derived from the two analyses. Same format as Fig. 3A. The orientation map on the left is nearly identical to the map estimated from the original data (see Fig. 3A), indicating that the full model capitalizes on variance not modeled by the constrained model. In contrast, the orientation map on the right has no discernable organization, demonstrating that the constrained model cannot explain variance reflecting orientation selectivity.