Fig. 2: Leading principal components (PCs) of five reconstructed streamflow series and the dendrogram based on each 50-year low pass reconstructed streamflow series during 1200−2012.

a, b are the first leading PCs and associated spatial patterns, respectively. c, d are the second PCs and associated spatial patterns, respectively. Grey lines represent the PC time series. Black lines represent the 10-year moving average of the PC values. e Dendrograms and cluster spatializations in two clusters based on the scaled 50-year low pass reconstructed streamflow for the five gauging stations.