Fig. 4: Mucosal vaccination induces lung localized Tissue Resident Memory (T_RM)-like T-cells.

C57BL/6 mice were immunized with Pam₂Cys (P₂C; black) and/or Spike sub-cutaneously (s.c; blue) or intra-nasally (i.n; red) three times, 2 weeks apart. At 8 weeks post-final vaccination (a) T_RM-like CD4⁺ T-cells (defined as CD3⁺ CD4⁺ CD69⁺ CD44⁺ CD62L⁻) and b T_RM-like CD8⁺ T-cells (defined as CD3⁺ CD8⁺ CD69⁺ CD44⁺ CD62L⁻ CD103⁺) in the lungs were identified by flow cytometry. Gating strategy, frequency and enumeration are shown. Data are for individual mice from two independent biological experiments (n = 5 each), means + /− SEM are shown. Statistics: p-values indicated, Kruskal–Wallis, Dunn’s multiple comparisons. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.