Fig. 2: Macroscale organization of transdiagnostic covariance in cortical thickness alterations.

A A cross-disorder structural covariance matrix was thresholded at 80% and decomposed using diffusion map embedding. Covariance along the principal (G1) and second (G2) gradients is depicted on the right. B Transdiagnostic gradients G1 and G2. C Correlation between a normative axis of cortical thickness (CT) covariance³⁶ and transdiagnostic gradients. D Cross-condition gradients stratified according to von Economo-Koskinas cytoarchitectonic classes⁵¹. E Developmental gene enrichment analysis based on 232 genes for which spatial expression patterns correlated with G1 (of which 146 showed a positive correlation, i.e., were overexpressed in prefrontal compared to temporal regions). F Meta-analysis for diverse cognitive functions obtained from NeuroSynth⁶⁰. We computed parcel-wise z-statistics, capturing node-function associations, and calculated the center of gravity of each function along 20 five-percentile bins of G1 and G2. Function terms are ordered by the weighted mean of their location along the gradients. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.