Fig. 2: Synthesis and characterization of MIL-101(Cr)@CF composite for water sorption.

a Digital photograph and SEM images of MIL-101(Cr)@CF composite (size: 50 × 50 × 5 mm). b Moisture sorption-desorption isotherms of MIL-101(Cr) with typical S-shaped characteristics and high water uptake at 25 °C. c Thermogravimetric analysis coupled with differential scanning calorimetry (TGA-DSC) of MIL-101(Cr) during the moisture desorption process. d Thermal conductivities of MIL-101(Cr) powder, MIL-101(Cr) tablet, and MIL-101(Cr)@CF composite. Error bar: standard deviation (SD). e Water uptake stability of MIL-101@CF composite during repeated moisture sorption-desorption cycles under 25 °C at 65% RH for sorption and 80 °C at 10% RH for desorption. f Solar absorbance and thermal emittance of the dual-functional coating layer under different wavelengths of radiation.