Fig. 1: Phylogenetic distribution of reproductive modes in amphibians.

Species richness per amphibian group (top bar chart where Anura: dark blue gray, Caudata: mint green, Gymnophiona: lilac, and 1k = 1000 species) and frequencies of reproductive modes per group (percentages as pie charts), and per family (numbers of species as stacked bars on phylogeny). Reproductive modes are represented as blue = aquatic; dark green = semi-terrestrial; brown = terrestrial; light green = direct development; red = live-bearing; yellow = paedomorphism. Frequencies and percentages of unknown reproductive modes are depicted in light gray. The phylogeny shows the relationships of all 75 amphibian families, with icons and branch colors highlighting the three different amphibian clades. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.