Table 1 Comparison of clinical characteristics in COVID-19 patients stratified by the integrative multi-kingdom microbiome
From: Multi-kingdom gut microbiota analyses define COVID-19 severity and post-acute COVID-19 syndrome
Overall | Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Patients, n | 133 | 63 | 70 | |
Female, n (%) | 59 (44.4%) | 30 (47.6%) | 29 (41.4%) | 0.207 |
Age, years (IQR) | 42.2 (26–59) | 47.1 (28.5–63) | 37.9 (20.5–55) | 0.005 |
Non-smokers, n (%) | 72 (54.1%) | 34 (53.9%) | 38 (54.3%) | 0.402 |
Presence of any comorbidities, n (%) | 52 (39.1%) | 25 (39.7%) | 27 (38.6%) | 0.393 |
Hypertension | 28 (21.1%) | 11 (17.5%) | 18 (25.7%) | 0.099 |
Hyperlipidaemia | 25 (18.8%) | 11 (17.5%) | 14 (20.0%) | 0.335 |
Diabetes mellitus | 10 (7.5%) | 4 (6.3%) | 6 (8.6%) | 0.287 |
Length of stay in the hospital, days (IQR) | 21.4 (13–28) | 23.8 (15.5–29) | 19.22 (10–23.75) | 0.025 |
Severity of COVID-19, n (%) | 0.010 | |||
Asymptomatic | 7 (5.3%) | 2 (3.2%) | 5 (7.1%) | 0.153 |
Mild | 52 (39.1%) | 19 (30.2%) | 33 (47.1%) | 0.007 |
Moderate | 47 (35.3%) | 25 (39.7%) | 22 (31.4%) | 0.114 |
Severe | 15 (11.3%) | 9 (14.3%) | 6 (8.6%) | 0.080 |
Critical | 12 (9.0%) | 8 (12.7%) | 4 (5.7%) | 0.016 |
