Fig. 1: Experimental setup for ultrasensitive probing of plasmonic hot electrons with spectroscopic ellipsometry.
From: Ultrasensitive probing of plasmonic hot electron occupancies

SPPs are excited by a cw laser at the resonant angle of incidence from the backside, while ellipsometric data is recorded on the gold-air interface with white-light probing from the top. These measurements are capable of accessing the dielectric function of the investigated system, the changes of which are in close correlation with the electron distribution function.