Fig. 5: Heatmap analysis of interferon and inflammation signaling pathways in nasal turbinates.

Genes associated with inflammation (a), interferon-alpha response (b), interferon-gamma response (c), and TLR responses (d) are presented in this figure. Each solid square represents one hamster. Five groups (uninfected, WA1/2020, ΔPRRA, Nsp1-K164A/H165A, and Nsp1-N128S/K129E) were coded in light charcoal, blue, red, green, and purple, respectively. The data represents the Z-scores derived from FPKM values of RNAseq transcriptomic analysis. Red, positive Z-Score denotes upregulation and blue, negative Z-score for downregulation. Genes in the yellow box were those that are specifically upregulated in Nsp1-K164A/H165A-infected hamsters. Genes in the green box were those that were expressed to a lesser degree in Nsp1-K164A/H165A group than in WA1/2020 or ΔPRRA or Nsp1-N128S/K129E groups.