Fig. 6: Prophylactic blockade of PGE₂ signaling through the EP2 receptor reduces influenza viral load and disease severity in aged mice.

Aged female C57BL/6 mice were given the EP2 antagonist or vehicle control by daily i.p. injection for seven days followed by intranasal (i.n.) infection of PR8 H1N1 as shown in Fig. 5a. Lung homogenate and BALF samples were collected over the course of the infection. a PR8 H1N1 IAV protein hemagglutinin (HA) measured in the lung homogenate on 2, 4, and 6 dpi by ELISA. n = 6/group. b AMs cell count in the BALF at 0, 2, 4, and 6 dpi. n = 6/group. c Albumin measured in the BALF on 2, 4, and 6 dpi. n = 7 for 2 dpi groups. n = 6/group for 4 dpi groups. n = 5/group for 6;dpi groups. TNF-α (d), IL-6 (e), IFN-β (f), and IL-10 (g) measured from the lung homogenate on 2, 4, 5, 9 dpi. For panels d–g, n = 6/group for 2 dpi groups and 4 dpi groups. n = 5/group for 6 dpi groups. n = 8/group for 9 dpi groups. For panels a–g, statistical significance analyzed by multiple Mann–Whitney tests with FDR correction, error bars represent SEM, and each point represents a biological replicate. h Representative images and scoring of H&E stained lungs at collected at 4 dpi along with quantification of histological score. n = 4 for Mock. n = 6 for Veh Control. n = 7 for EP2 Antg. Statistical significance analyzed by ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test, error bars represent SEM and each point represents a biological replicate. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.