Fig. 1: Rate of Pd-catalyzed furfural hydrogenation in aqueous phase.
From: Impact of hydronium ions on the Pd-catalyzed furfural hydrogenation

a Furfural conversion as a function of reaction time at 1 bar H2 and b turnover frequency (TOF) of furfural hydrogenation as a function of buffer pH and the corresponding open circuit potentials at different pressures of H2. The reaction was performed with 30 mM furfural in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution with 10 mg Pd/C at 1–10 bar H2 and room temperature. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.