Table 1 Comparisons of free-electron density (ne), average ionization \({Z}_{{Cu}}^{*}\) and 2p-population (f2p) of Cu in warm-/hot-dense plasmas

From: Probing atomic physics at ultrahigh pressure using laser-driven implosions

Models

kT = 200 eV

kT = 300 eV

ne (cm−3)

\({{{{{{\boldsymbol{Z}}}}}}}_{{{{{{\boldsymbol{Cu}}}}}}}^{*}\)

f2p

ne (cm−3)

\({{{{{{\boldsymbol{Z}}}}}}}_{{{{{{\boldsymbol{Cu}}}}}}}^{*}\)

f2p

ATBASE + Stewart–Pyatt (Spect3D)

5.1 × 1024

13.76

6.00

5.5 × 1024

15.78

5.93

SCRAM + ion-sphere

5.1 × 1024

14.39

5.84

5.5 × 1024

16.37

5.25

DFT + QMD (VERITAS)

5.0 × 1024

12.88

5.87

5.3 × 1024

14.96

5.27

DFT + AA (Muze)

5.0 × 1024

12.52

5.87

5.5 × 1024

14.43

5.24

FAC + AA (FAC)

4.2 × 1024

12.86

5.87

4.9 × 1024

15.19

5.19

  1. The CHCu[2%] plasma mixture has a mass density of ρ = 20 g cm−3 and two different temperatures. These results are predicted from different atomic physics models. Comparisons of these predicted physical quantities demonstrate the differences between two categories of atomic physics models for warm- or hot-dense plasmas: DFT-based models vs. traditional collisional-radiative models. The quoted value of \({Z}_{{Cu}}^{*}\) for VERITAS was calculated from the Thomas–Fermi average-atom model to provide a comparison to the other models, even though DFT calculations do not need to define \({Z}_{{Cu}}^{*}\). Additional details of these models can be found in the Methods section.
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